Berwick Upon Tweed Castle is a ruined 12th Century castle in Northumberland, England. It was founded by the Scottish King David I and rebuilt in 1296–8 by the English King Edward I, who also had the town fortified.
The town and castle changed hands several times during the English-Scottish conflicts, as its location in the hotly disputed border made it one of the most important strongholds in the British Isles. As a major tactical objective in the region, the castle was captured by both the English and Scots on a number of occasions and frequently sustained substantial damage.
In 1292, King Edward announced in Berwick’s great hall, and before the full parliament of England and many of the nobility of Scotland, his adjudication in favour of John Balliol. King Richard, I sold the castle to the Scots, to help fund the Third Crusade. Berwick finally fell into English hands in the last week of August 1482.